1800s

Events and trends

Technology

Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801.
Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
Flag semaphore is gradually adopted by various navies of the world.
Morphine is isolated from opium for the first time in 1804.
Nicolas François Appert develops a method to preserve food by means of canning.

Astronomy

The first known asteroids are discovered in this decade:
- Ceres (1801-01-01). Ceres is reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
- Pallas (1802-03-28)
- Juno (1804-09-01)
- Vesta (1807-03-29)

War, peace and politics

The First Barbary War (1801–1805) is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa.
The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.
In 1803, the US acquired the Louisiana Territories from France.
Haiti gains independence from France on 1804-01-01, becoming the first black republic.
The Fulani War (1804–1810) is fought in present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
The First Serbian Uprising (1804−1813) marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state.
Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1805–1815).
Beginning of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
War of 1812

World leaders

Emperor Napoleon I (First French Empire)
Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
Pope Pius VII
Tsar Paul I (Russia)
Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
King Charles IV (Spain)
King George III, (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
President John Adams (United States)
President Thomas Jefferson (United States)
Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)

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